宏病毒组研究——堆肥处理对污水污泥病毒组的影响

Effect of Composting Under Semipermeable Film on the Sewage Sludge Virome3.611Microb Ecol . 2019 Nov;78(4):895-903. doi: 10.1007/s00248-019-01365-z. Epub 2019 Apr 29.

Abstract

The addition of compost from sewage sludge to soils represents a sustainable option from an environmental and economic point of view, which involves the valorisation of these wastes. However, before their use as a soil amendment, compost has to reach the quality levels according to the normative, including microbial parameters. Viruses are not included in this regulation and they can produce agricultural problems and human diseases if the compost is not well sanitised. In this study, we carried out the analysis of the viral populations during a composting process with sewage sludge at an industrial scale, using semipermeable cover technology. Viral community was characterised by the presence of plant viruses and bacteriophages of enteric bacteria. The phytopathogen viruses were the group with the highest relative abundance in the sewage sludge sample and at 70 days of the composting process. The diversity of bacterial viruses and their specificity, with respect to the more abundant bacterial taxa throughout the process, highlights the importance of the interrelations between viral and bacterial communities in the control of pathogenic communities. These results suggest the possibility of using them as a tool to predict the effectiveness of the process.   

Keywords: Composting process; Electron microscopy; Ion torrent; Sewage sludge; Virome.

污泥是污水处理厂和污水处理的必然产物,堆肥过程如果没有得到很好的消毒,就会产生农业问题和人类疾病。科学家利用半透膜覆盖技术,分析工业规模的污水污泥堆肥过程中的病毒群体,从而促进工艺优化。

研究思路

  样品取自西班牙格拉纳达来自废水处理厂(WWTP)的污水污泥先前通过厌氧嗜温消化稳定并与植物膨胀混合1:3体积比),使用半透膜覆盖堆肥。前30堆肥阶段30-120天为成熟阶段分别取污水污泥样品(SS)和堆肥70天后的样品,富集病毒颗粒进行分析

污水污泥样品(SS

堆肥70d后成熟阶段(MP)

3 samples

3 samples


研究结果


1、电子显微镜(TEM)检测病毒形态

SSMP样品中病毒样颗粒(VLP)的存在,多种病毒形态,圆形,丝状和二十面体,是观察到的最丰富形态的最后一种。表明该生物实体对先前施用于污水污泥的厌氧嗜温消化和堆肥处理的稳定性。

TEM检测SS样本

TEM检测MP样本

2病毒多样性分析

高通量测序发现病毒群体主要包括植物病毒和肠细菌的噬菌体。植物病原体病毒是污水污泥样品堆肥过程的70d样本中相对丰度最高。

ab表明在两个样本中,Virgaviridae是最丰富的家族,但是在从SSMP的堆肥过程中,该家族丰度减少趋势(从89%56%)。SS样本中,Myoviridae6%富集;MP样本中,病毒科(Sidhoviridae)(20%)和逆转录病毒科(Retroviridae)(21%富集 Siphoviridae丰度的增高表明在堆肥过程中噬菌体的增殖,可作为粪便污染的有用生物指示剂。

下图显示了SSMP样品详细的病毒分类表征圆圈的大小表示对应于每个物种的序列的数量。SS样本的病毒多样性高于MP样本病毒群落分析显示高丰度的植物病原体病毒和广泛多样的噬菌体。Virgaviridae在两个样本中都是度物种SS样品中,大量序列被鉴定为烟草花叶病毒。烟草花叶病毒是具有圆形或丝状形态的ssRNA-阳性链病毒,主要是植物病原体。在MP样品中也检测到这些病毒的存在,富集丰度减少。两种样品中也存在噬菌体,其中大多数属于dsDNA病毒Caudovirales

污水污泥(SS样本)中病毒分类树

堆肥79 d后(MP样本)中病毒分类树

半透膜覆盖堆肥技术可有效去除人或动物病毒,并且大多数植物病原体病毒减少。此外,噬菌体的丰度变化可作为污染指标来监测堆肥过程在消除病原体方面的有效性。这对于避免堆肥土壤改良的负面影响有很好的指导作用

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