Effect of Composting Under Semipermeable Film on the Sewage Sludge Virome3.611Microb Ecol . 2019 Nov;78(4):895-903. doi: 10.1007/s00248-019-01365-z. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Abstract
The addition of compost from sewage sludge to soils represents a sustainable option from an environmental and economic point of view, which involves the valorisation of these wastes. However, before their use as a soil amendment, compost has to reach the quality levels according to the normative, including microbial parameters. Viruses are not included in this regulation and they can produce agricultural problems and human diseases if the compost is not well sanitised. In this study, we carried out the analysis of the viral populations during a composting process with sewage sludge at an industrial scale, using semipermeable cover technology. Viral community was characterised by the presence of plant viruses and bacteriophages of enteric bacteria. The phytopathogen viruses were the group with the highest relative abundance in the sewage sludge sample and at 70 days of the composting process. The diversity of bacterial viruses and their specificity, with respect to the more abundant bacterial taxa throughout the process, highlights the importance of the interrelations between viral and bacterial communities in the control of pathogenic communities. These results suggest the possibility of using them as a tool to predict the effectiveness of the process.
Keywords: Composting process; Electron microscopy; Ion torrent; Sewage sludge; Virome.
污泥是污水处理厂和污水处理的必然产物,堆肥过程如果没有得到很好的消毒,就会产生农业问题和人类疾病。科学家利用半透膜覆盖技术,分析工业规模的污水污泥堆肥过程中的病毒群体,从而促进工艺优化。
研究思路
样品取自西班牙格拉纳达,来自废水处理厂(WWTP)的污水污泥先前通过厌氧嗜温消化稳定并与植物膨胀物混合(1:3体积比),使用半透膜覆盖堆肥。前30天为“堆肥阶段”,30-120天为“成熟阶段”。分别取污水污泥样品(SS)和堆肥70天后的样品,富集病毒颗粒进行分析。
污水污泥样品(SS) | 堆肥70d后成熟阶段(MP) |
3 samples | 3 samples |
研究结果
1、电子显微镜(TEM)检测病毒形态
TEM检测SS样本
TEM检测MP样本
2、病毒多样性分析
高通量测序发现病毒群体主要包括植物病毒和肠细菌的噬菌体。植物病原体病毒是污水污泥样品和堆肥过程的70d样本中相对丰度最高。
污水污泥(SS样本)中病毒分类树
堆肥79 d后(MP样本)中病毒分类树
半透膜覆盖堆肥技术可有效去除人或动物病毒,并且大多数植物病原体病毒减少。此外,噬菌体的丰度变化可作为污染指标来监测堆肥过程在消除病原体方面的有效性。这对于避免堆肥对土壤改良的负面影响有很好的指导作用。